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Detailed census data at state, district, and urban agglomeration levels from the 1981 Census, including literacy and worker classification.

Usage

census_1981

Format

A tibble with 2,364 rows and 39 columns including:

year

Census year (1981)

geo_id

Unique geographic identifier

geo_name

Name of the geographic unit

level

Geographic level (india, state, district)

state

Name of the state

state_name_harmonized

Harmonized state name for joining across datasets

district

Name of the district (if applicable)

sector

Sector: "total", "rural", or "urban"

area_km2

Area in square kilometers

total_persons

Total population

total_males

Male population

total_females

Female population

literate_persons

Total literate population

main_workers_persons

Total main workers

cultivators_persons

Total cultivators

agri_labour_persons

Total agricultural labourers

hh_industry_persons

Household industry workers

other_workers_persons

Other workers

non_workers_persons

Non-workers

Source

Jolad, Shivakumar and Singh, Madhav (2026). "Indian Census Data Collection, 1901-2026: Digitised Subnational Population and Administrative Datasets." Harvard Dataverse. doi:10.7910/DVN/ON8CP8 .